Mitsubishi Galant

1990 — 2001 of release

Repair and car operation

Operation receptions

In transit cargoes in the car it is necessary to consider that the full mass of the car should not exceed the maximum admissible value. The full mass of the car includes: the equipped mass of the car, mass of the driver and passengers, mass of the hook-on device established on the car, and also mass of the trailer falling on it. At any options of loading of the car of load of axes also should not exceed limiting admissible values. Information on the maximum admissible values of full weight and axial loadings is provided in Specifications.

Transportation of goods in car salon

Reliably fix all placed in car salon subjects, in order to avoid their shift in case of a road accident.

Do not place large-sized subjects on the back shelf of salon, - they narrow to the driver sector of the review and can be dumped forward at collision and sharp braking.

Be convinced of that the subjects laid on a floor behind forward seats, cannot be rolled forward and under no circumstances are not capable to prevent to manipulate freely to the driver management pedals, and also cannot break correctness of adjustment of provision of forward seats.

Hold a ware box during movement by the closed.

Transportation of goods in a luggage compartment or on a luggage carrier established on a roof of the car

Try to distribute cargo evenly, placing luggage possibly closer to seats. Heavy cargoes always should settle down from below, on a floor of a luggage compartment. Reliably fix transported subjects a strong cord that they could not be displaced under way the car. Never stack luggage above level of backs of forward seats.

In transit large-sized or lengthy subjects at the combined back seats, try to fix reliably them a strong cord to prevent cargo shift during emergency braking of the car. Do not stack luggage above level of backs of seats in order to avoid reduction of sector of the review to the driver.

The description of operations of folding of backs of back seats and their installation in the initial is provided in the Section of the Seat and the safety device.

In need of transportation of the lengthy subjects, not allowing to close a door a back/cover of a luggage compartment, remember that the fulfilled gases of the engine can get to salon of the car, - carry out the appropriate measures of precaution (see. Section of the Seat and safety device).

At cargo placement on a luggage carrier established on a roof of the car, track, that the cumulative mass of luggage did not exceed admissible value. For obtaining more detailed information address on Mitsubishi company car repair shop.

Engine start

Cock the parking brake.

At low temperature of air switch off everything auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce load of the storage battery.

On equipped RKPP models squeeze out a coupling pedal against the stop and include neutral transfer.

On models from AT make sure that the lever of the selector is established in the situation "R" or "N" and squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

Without squeezing out a gas pedal, turn a key in the ignition lock in the situation "START" (III) and include a starter. If the engine was not started at once, continue to scroll a cranked shaft a starter, remembering that duration of continuous functioning of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. Repeated attempt of start should be made not less than ten seconds later, - the pause is necessary for cooling of the electromotor of a starter.

If the engine does not manage to be started at continuous work of a starter within 15 seconds, or the started engine at once глохнет, try to execute start at the pedal of gas squeezed out to a half. After successful start of the engine release a gas pedal to avoid sharp increase of turns.

If to start the engine still it is not possible, completely squeeze out a pedal of gas and hold her in the pressed situation during the whole time of functioning of a starter, is will help to remove the superfluous fuel which has got to the inlet pipeline and cylinders of the engine. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous cases, should not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine is not started after a purge of cylinders, once again try to start it at partially squeezed out pedal of gas. Right after implementation of start release a pedal

Features of start of the engine in cold weather in the conditions of highlands (height above sea level more than 2400 m)

At low temperature of air start of the engine is at a loss. In the conditions of highlands where air is strongly discharged, start of the engine becomes complicated in addition. Instructions which is necessary for following at engine start in considered conditions below are provided.

Switch off everything auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce load of the storage battery.

Squeeze out to a half a pedal of gas and hold her in this situation during the whole time of a prokruchivaniye of a cranked shaft of the engine a starter. Duration of continuous inclusion of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. After implementation of successful start of the engine gradually release a gas pedal, without allowing substantial increase of turns.

If the engine is not started, squeeze out a gas pedal against the stop and hold her in the pressed situation during the whole time of functioning of a starter. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous case, should not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine still is not started, repeat attempt.

At negative temperature of air or if the car was not used within several days, let's to the engine get warm within 3 ÷ 4 minutes, after it begin movement.

Features of driving of the car about a manual check point

General information

Include backing transfer only after a full stop of the car. Attempt include a reverse under way can to lead to serious damage of a transmission. Before inclusion of a reverse gear completely switch off coupling and sustain short (in some seconds) a pause.

For delay of the car it is possible to use braking by the engine, having switched a transmission to one of the lowered steps. Braking by the engine allows to supervise speed of movement of the car at safe level and prevents an overheat of brake mechanisms at movement on long descents with a considerable bias. Switch a transmission to the lowered steps consistently, in process of decrease in speed not to allow excess of the most admissible frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine on a tachometer. The arrow of a tachometer should not come into a red zone of a scale. In all cases it is necessary to be guided by values of the maximum admissible speed of the car on the corresponding transfers (see below).

The recommended moments of gear shifting

Try to move on the highest transfer providing in specific road conditions normal functioning of the engine at uniform movement and possibility of smooth dispersal of the car. Following of this recommendation will provide high profitability of the car and effective work of system of neutralization of the fulfilled gases. At gear shiftings be guided by the data provided in Specifications.

The most admissible speeds of movement of the car on various transfers

In Specifications the maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car on various transfers are given. At excess of the specified values of speed, the shooter of a tachometer will come into a red zone of a scale, specifying on it is inadmissible high frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine. Thus the electronic block of a control system starts to limit to the engine turns of a cranked shaft, reducing supply of fuel that it is possible to feel it on power setting change. Operation of the engine is normalized, as soon as the arrow of a tachometer leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid engine breakage before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometer does not exceed the most admissible speed of movement on this transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Features of driving of the car with automatic transmission

On cars the four-stage hydromechanical automatic transmission with the blocked hydrotransformer and an electronic and hydraulic control system is established. The control system of a transmission provides timely and smooth switching of all steps of a forward course. Blocking of the hydrotransformer improves fuel profitability of the car. On subjective feelings inclusion of a blocking friction clutch of the hydrotransformer similar to usual switching of a step of a transmission.

Transmission is equipped with the electronic control system providing optimum gear shifting, answering to any traffic conditions and a paving condition.

At car movement uphill possibility of switching of transmission on higher transfer is automatically blocked, if the control unit defines that the power unit will not provide further advance of the car with former speed.

On abrupt descents the control unit can automatically switch transmission to lower transfer that increases efficiency of braking of a vehicle the engine and reduces intensity of wear of brake mechanisms.

Indicators of position of the selector of gear shifting

The blinking of a control lamp of neutral provision of transmission (N) testifies to malfunction of AT.

The blinking of a control lamp of N with high frequency at the lever of the selector established in position "D", "3", "2" or "L" speaks about ATF overheat. The car should be parked in a safe place, without suppressing the engine, to transfer transmission to the situation "R", then to open a cowl and let's to the engine work for some time on single turns. If after performance of this procedure transfer of the lever to one of the stipulated provisions by operation of a control lamp of N is not accompanied, it is possible to continue movement, otherwise the car it is necessary to drive away on the closest car repair shop of the Mitsubishi company for the purpose of check of a condition of AT.

Instructions for use lever of the selector of ranges

General information

The lever of the selector of ranges of transmission can be in one of seven fixed provisions. At engine start the lever should be only in the situation "P" or "N". If the stop of the car is made, when in an automatic transmission one of movement "D", "3", "2", "L", "R" ranges is included, or “N”, is necessary to release completely a pedal gas and to squeeze out a brake pedal for reliable braking of the car.

From above on the handle the blocking button, allowing to avoid casual transfer of the lever to inadmissible situation is located. Instructions for use are shown by the blocking button on an illustration. When translating the lever of the selector of the situation "N" in any of movement provisions surely squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

White shooters designated switchings demanding nazhimaniye of the button of a blokirator
Black shooters designated the switchings which are not demanding a nazhimaniye of the button of a blokirator

Positions of the lever

Situation "R". In this position of the lever of the selector of ranges the secondary shaft of transmission is mechanically blocked. Always transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to the situation "R" at switching off or engine start. To deduce the lever of the selector of ranges from the situation "R", it is necessary to squeeze out a brake pedal, previously having released a gas pedal. Reject the lever of the selector of ranges to the right and deduce it from the situation "R".

If after performance of all listed above actions still it is not possible to deduce the lever from the situation "R", it is necessary to unblock it (see below).

In order to avoid breakage of AT transfer the lever to the situation "R" only after a full stop of the car.

Situation "R". Receptions of management by the lever of the selector of ranges at its transfer to the situation "R" (Backing) from the situation "R" are described above. Turning on of the lever in the situation "R" from the situation "N" (Neutral) make only after a full stop of the car.

Automatic transmission is equipped with the special safety device which does not allow to move the lever to the situation "R" if speed of the car exceeds value of 10 ÷ 12 km/h casually.

If the backing does not join after a full stop of the car, squeeze out a brake pedal and slowly move the lever of the selector of ranges at first to the situation "N", then in the situation "R".

At malfunction of the safety device, and also at disconnected from an onboard network or the discharged storage battery to include a range of a backing it is impossible. In this case it is necessary to remove blocking of inclusion of a range of a backing (see below).

Situation "N". Use the situation "N" (Neutral) at start of the decayed engine under way the car and at short stops of the car with working engine. If for any reason it is necessary for you to depart from the car, previously transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to the situation "R" (Parking). At a lever conclusion of the situation "N" squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

Situation "D". This situation is used in most cases at movement in the conditions of not loaded city cycle and at movement on highways. In this situation by transmission the full range of forward transfers is used, in the corresponding situations the mode of braking by the engine automatically joins.

Situation "3". At transfer of the lever of the selector of ranges to situation "3", the automatic transmission functions similar to a case of inclusion of a range of "D". Difference consists that transition to the fourth transfer is excluded. The range of "D3" is recommended to be used at trailer towage in the hilly district or for implementation of braking by the engine on descent of a considerable steepness. Inclusion of a range “3” is useful also for an exception of superfluous cyclic switchings of automatic transmission between the third and fourth transfers. Similar cyclic switchings of a transmission can be observed, for example, at movement in a dense transport stream with frequent delays and car stops.

For sharp dispersal of the car at transmission work in a range of "D" or “3” squeeze out a gas pedal against the stop. Thus the transmission will automatically pass to adjacent lowest transfer. If speed of the car is insignificant, the transmission can be switched at once to two steps down.

Situation "2". At inclusion of a range “2” automatic transmission will constantly work at the second transfer. At a car stop the transmission does not pass to the first transfer. Continuous inclusion of the second transfer provides good traction dynamics of the car on liftings and possibility of intensive braking with the engine on abrupt descents. The range “2” is recommended to be included at a start of motion on a slippery paving, and also at movement on deep snow. It helps to prevent strong pro-slipping of driving wheels of the car.

At inclusion of a range “2” under way the car inclusion of the second transfer to transmissions automatically is late and occurs only after speed of the car will decrease to safe level on which frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine will not exceed the most admissible value.

Situation "1". At inclusion of a range “1” automatic transmission will constantly work at the first transfer. If inclusion of a range “1” is made for the speed more than 50 km/h, transmission at first will be switched to the second transfer. Inclusion of an intermediate step allows to exclude sharp and unexpected braking by the engine.

Switch of modes of functioning of AT

Used on considered models of Mitsubishi cars automatic transmissions have two modes of functioning: “AUTO” and “HOLD”. First of which is the basic and joins by default. For inclusion of the HOLD mode it is necessary to press the special button located to the right of the lever of the selector. Return to the situation "AUTO" is made by repeated pressing of the same button.

The AUTO mode is intended for usual service conditions of a vehicle. In this mode the car moves in an economic mode at moderate squeezing of a pedal of gas and is transferred to a mode of the increased capacity at complete squeezing of a pedal.

It is necessary to choose the HOLD mode for implementation of a smooth troganiye of the car at a start of motion on a slippery paving. Thus, if to begin movement with transfer of the lever to situation, distinct from situation "L", the second transfer at once joins. On reaching speed of movement in 30 ÷ 60 km/h (19 ÷ 37 miles/h), there will be a transition of transmission to the maximum transfer for the chosen range that allows to use the selector lever in a mode of imitation of RKPP, with that only a difference that at complete squeezing of a pedal of gas transmission will automatically be switched to lower transfer (kickdown).

The maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car in various ranges of transfers

The maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car are given in Specifications at inclusion of various ranges of an automatic transmission. At excess of the values stipulated in Specifications, the arrow of a tachometer comes into a red zone of a scale, pointing to excess of admissible turns of the engine. Thus the electronic block of a control system starts to limit to the engine turns of a cranked shaft, reducing supply of fuel that it is possible to feel on power setting change. Operation of the engine settles into shape, as soon as the arrow of a tachometer leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid engine breakage before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometer does not come for value of the most admissible speed of movement on this transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Overtaking

During overtaking commission, when squeezing a pedal of gas to a floor occurs automatic switching of transmission on the next to chosen at the moment subordinate transfer (with the 4th on the 3rd, with the 3rd on the 2nd, with the 2nd on 1st), - need for any switchings of the lever of the selector thus is absent.

Short-term stop

At short-term stops, - for example on a traffic light, - it is possible to leave transmission on transfer, holding the car brakes.

At longer stops with working engine it is necessary to transfer the selector lever to the situation "N", - before a start of motion do not forget to transfer the lever to situation "D".

At a short-term stop on a bias going uphill it is not necessary to hold the car motionlessly by means of an accelerator, - use the foot or parking brake.

During braking avoid squeezing of a pedal of gas, - if the lever of the selector is not transferred to the situation "N" or "R", it can lead to unexpected acceleration.

Control system of speed (темпостат)

General information

The control system of speed (темпостат) enters into a standard complete set of some models, on others can be established in addition. The system allows to support automatically the chosen cruiser speed of movement of the car without impact on a gas pedal. Cruiser speed should not exceed value of 40 km/h. Application темпостата becomes especially convenient at long movement on the low-loaded direct country highways. For the purpose of safety it is not recommended to include темпостат at movement in the city, on twisting, abounding with turns, to roads, on a slippery paving, in a heavy rain or at other adverse weather conditions. In the cases listed above the driver should have possibility completely to supervise a mode of movement of the car.

Management of functioning темпостата

On the models equipped with AT it is necessary to translate previously the lever of the selector of transfers to situation D.

Include темпостат, having pressed the button of its main switch of the lever (see above) - on the dashboard the corresponding control lamp should light up.

Disperse the car till the demanded cruiser speed which value should not be less than 40 km/h.

Cancellation of the entered installation of cruiser speed of movement of the car can be made by single procrastination of the lever of the switch темпостата in the CANCEL direction, squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake, or squeezing of a pedal of coupling (model with RKPP). At decrease in speed of movement of the car values of 40 km/h, or more are lower than on 16 km/h below the chosen value also there will be an automatic dumping of installation темпостата.

For system return to the value established earlier after dumping of installations темпостата as a result of braking or squeezing of coupling wring out the switch lever up (“ACC/RES). Told does not treat a case when dumping of installation resulted from falling of speed below value of 40 km/h.

Switching off темпостата is made by means of the OFF key framing the button of the main switch.

Trouble signaling темпостата

If the control lamp темпостата starts to blink when using a control system by speed, switch off темпостат, then again it include by means of the button of the main switch. If at repeated inclusion of system the control lamp continues to function in a flashing mode, will join and at once will go out, or will not join at all, the car should be driven away on car repair shop for detailed diagnostics of a condition темпостата.

Braking

The principle of action and design of components of brake system are in detail considered in Head Brake system of the real Management.

All components of brake system are essential from the point of view of driving safety. Regularly, according to the Schedule (see. Head of Control and routine maintenance), carry out procedures of maintenance of a vehicle. Try to use only services of firm car repair shops of the Mitsubishi company. The first 200 km (125 miles) run after replacement of brake shoes try to avoid sharp braking whenever possible.

At movement under a bias, in order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms, try to carry out car braking by the engine, including for this purpose a low gear.

After a heavy rain or overcoming of water barriers before beginning movement on full speed, check efficiency of functioning of brake mechanisms, - the become wet blocks and disks can be quickly dried during several braking at movement with small speed.

Recommendations about security measures at operation of the models equipped with ABS

ABS does not reduce a brake way of the car and is capable to provide only preservation of controllability of the car in the course of braking. In view of told it is necessary to support constantly a safe distance to ahead going vehicle, proceeding from speed of the car and specific conditions of movement.

ABS does not prevent lateral юз at sharp change of the direction of movement of the car. For example, the car can enter into drift when passing turn on too high speed or at wheel breakthrough during lane change. Always support safe speed of a vehicle, being conformed to a condition of a paving and traffic conditions.
ABS does not prevent loss of course stability of the car. In the course of emergency braking avoid sharp breakthroughs of a steering wheel.

The brake way of the equipped ABS car can exceed a little habitual for models with usual brake system. Told especially considerably at movement on fragile and rough pavings (gravel, snow). At movement in similar road conditions lower speed and increase a distance to ahead going vehicle.

Control lamp of violations of functioning of ABS

The self-diagnostics block is switched on in structure of system of anti-blocking. Outwardly procedure of self-diagnostics of system is shown by small pulsations of a foot brake right after engine start. Problem diagnostics of ABS is made also at each braking of the car.

Joint inclusion of control lamps of ABS and refusals brake systems/raisings of the parking brake also means shutdown of function of regulation of brake effort that points to existence of malfunctions both in ABS, and in brake system. Thus the brake system of the car will continue to provide rather adequate braking of the car, however it is necessary to avoid sharp squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake. Immediately address on the next car repair shop.

Car parking

Leaving the car on parking, always cock the parking brake. Remember that the control lamp of inclusion of the parking brake built in in an instrument guard, serves only for a reminder to the driver about need of an otpuskaniye of the parking brake before a start of motion. Burning of a control lamp does not guarantee completeness of raising of the parking brake. In order to avoid a spontaneous skatyvaniye of the car on a bias be convinced that the parking brake is cocked properly.

On models from AT before transferring the selector lever to the situation "R", it is necessary to cock the parking brake. Such sequence of actions prevents a casual troganiye of the car and excludes transfer of considerable load of the mechanism of blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission from skatyvayushchy the force car. Unloading of the coupling of blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission provides at the subsequent troganiye of the car simplicity of a conclusion of the lever from the situation "R".

At a car parking on lifting, develop forward wheels aside from a border, and on the contrary.

Before a start of motion, be convinced that the parking brake is completely released. At movement with not completely released parking brake the overheat and failure of brake mechanisms of back wheels is possible. Besides, it can lead to violation of serviceability of functioning of ABS.

Recommendations about a safe parking of the car

Track, that the top hatch in a roof and all windows were closed.

Switch off all devices of lighting.

Put luggage and valuable things in being closed offices, or grasp them with itself.

Lock locks of doors by means of a key or a remote control the uniform lock.

On the models equipped with anticreeping system, make sure of operation of the indicator of system on the dashboard, testifying to device activation.

Never leave the car with working engine on the platforms covered with dry foliage, a high grass or other combustible materials. Remember that the case of the catalytic converter can be heated to very high temperature that is fraught with ignition.

Recommendations about car driving in adverse weather conditions

Antiprobuksovochny system (tracking control)

The complete set of some models can include the antiprobuksovochny system (TCL) allowing more surely to get under way from a place, to be dispersed on a slippery paving, besides, TCL provides sufficient traction effort at performance of turns on the increased speed. The system automatically limits capacity developed by the engine as soon as one of driving wheels loses coupling with a paving and starts to revolve. To feel operation of antiprobuksovochny system it is possible on reaction of a steering wheel.

The system is equipped with the self-diagnostics device, providing operation of a control lamp of TCL-OFF in case of identification of refusals, - the lamp starts to burn continuously, or to blink. In a similar situation it is necessary to park the car in a safe place and to muffle the engine. If after engine restart the control lamp does not go out, the car should be driven away on Mitsubishi car repair shop for identification of causes of failure.

It is necessary to notice that at departure from dirt or friable snow functioning of antiprobuksovochny system can lead to refusal of increase in turns of the engine when squeezing a pedal of gas. Switching off of TCL is made, besides, by means of the TCL switch, - on an instrument guard the control lamp of TCL-OFF will light up.

Features of driving in adverse road conditions

Driving during a rain, in a strong fog or snowfall demands from the driver of special skills, in view of decrease in coupling of wheels with a paving and visibility deteriorations. Constantly support the car in technically working order. At commission of trips to bad weather observe extra care. Avoid use темпостата (at the corresponding complete set of the car) in adverse weather conditions.

Lower speed and move more slowly, than usually in normal weather conditions on a dry paving. Remember that reactions of the car to management will be more languid and slowed down even if the paving looks only slightly damp. Try to influence all controls of the car smoothly. On a wet and slippery paving sharp breakthrough of a steering wheel or careless squeezing of a brake pedal can lead to control loss over management. At the beginning of a trip, still completely without having adapted for adverse weather conditions, show the increased care. This rule is especially useful for observing at movement during snowfall. It is necessary to remember that at car operation in a warm season many useful skills of driving of the car on a slippery paving are forgotten that demands some time for their restoration.

Extra care show, operating the car during a rain as absence of practice during the dry period does not allow to be reconstructed and adapt a bridle manner for new conditions quickly.

Review

For safety of traffic in any weather conditions it is very important to have the good review in all directions. It is worth to remember to take care also that your car remained to well appreciable drivers of other vehicles, - remember that at movement on the route inclusion of a passing beam never will prevent even during daylight hours. These requirements are more difficult for executing in adverse weather conditions.

Regularly check a condition of brushes of screen wipers and snuffled windscreen washers. Constantly support demanded level of liquid in the tank of washing liquid. Use for filling of system of washing of glasses only the liquids, recommended brands. Watch a condition of working elements of screen wipers, make their replacement as soon as brushes cease to clear glass properly. For prevention of condensation of moisture on an internal surface of glasses use having blown in glasses air, in case of need turn on the air conditioner.

Coupling of tires with a paving

Regularly supervise pressure of air in tires and degree of a deterioration of protectors of tires (depth of a pattern). Both these a factor are extremely important from the point of view of good coupling of tires with a paving and prevention of the phenomenon of hydroplaning, that is sharp reduction of coupling with the road at entrance to pools. For ensuring the best controllability with the car and traffic safety at approach of a winter season use shipovanny rubber.

During movement constantly watch changes of road conditions which often appear very unstable. Presence on the road of wet foliage can be not dangerous, than ice. Often in appearance the pure and dry paving can обледеневать separate sites. Especially dangerous conditions develop at air temperatures near 0°С when pools can alternate with наледью that does behavior of the car especially unpredictable.

Be careful when switching an automatic transmission in the lowered range. On a slippery covering sharp inclusion of a low gear can lead to short-term pro-slipping of driving wheels and car drift

Extra care and attention are required from the driver at commission of overtakings. Equally it is necessary to observe attentiveness, when overtaking your car by other vehicles. Water and dirt splashes from under wheels of the overtaken lorry can sharply worsen visibility through a windscreen. The rush of a lateral wind during commission of overtaking of the truck or the bus is dangerous control loss over management.

Trailer towage

Models of cars considered in the real Management first of all are, of course, passenger and are intended for transportation of people and their luggage. However, at obligatory observance of a number of the general rules which are given below, Mitsubishi cars can be used also with success for trailer towage.

The full mass of the trailer including its own weight and mass of cargo placed in it, should not exceed limiting admissible weight of the towed trailer. The limiting admissible mass of the trailer depends on that, it is equipped with brake mechanisms, or not.

The maximum vertical load of the hook-on device of the car at full mass of the trailer should not exceed 50 kgfs. For trailers with full weight to 500 kg it is necessary to adhere to the following rule: vertical load of a turnbuckle should make about 10 % from full weight of the trailer. For example, if the full mass of the trailer with cargo is equal 225 kg, vertical load of the hook-on device should make about 22.5 kgfs. Adjust load of a car turnbuckle, as appropriate placing cargo on the trailer. For a start it is recommended to place cargo so that about 60 % of its weight were ahead of a trailer axis, and 40 % - behind. If the full mass of the trailer exceeds 500 kg, try to distribute cargo on length of the trailer more evenly. Never load the trailer so that the back part of the trailer outweighed a lobby, is leads to unloading of back wheels of the car that worsens coupling of tires with a paving.

Full masses of the car and the towed trailer should not exceed the corresponding maximum admissible values.

The most reliable way of check of correctness of loading of the car and the trailer is weighing. Load the car and the trailer how they are usually maintained as a part of a road train, and weigh them on cargo scales. Define values of full mass of the car and the trailer, and also the masses falling on an axes of the car and the trailer. Compare results of measurements to requirements of Specifications.

Hook-on device

The hook-on device should fasten in several specially provided points on the basis of a car body that loadings from the towed trailer were distributed more evenly and fell on elements of strengthening of a body. It is forbidden to mount the hook-on devices leaning only on a rear bumper which is not intended for perception of similar loads on the car. Installation of a turnbuckle should be made by car-care center qualified personnel.

Data in the table are provided in mm.

Rear-view mirrors

Towage of the large-sized trailer (Caravan type) usually demands installation on the car of additional rear-view mirrors with the extended arms. Specify requirements of the local legislation and the Traffic regulations, concerning towages of trailers by cars. Attach the trailer to the car and estimate extent of deterioration of the back review through standard rear-view mirrors. If the review unsatisfactory, for reasons of safety it is necessary to equip the special mirrors, providing to the driver the adequate review of space behind the car.

Connection of the trailer to the car

If you are going to get the trailer equipped with brake mechanisms, be convinced that they have an electric drive of management, - the design of a hydraulic drive of working brake system of your car does not provide connection possibility to it any additional contours, in particular, for actuating of brake mechanisms of the trailer. Any way of accession to a brake hydraulic actuator of the car of brake system of the trailer, what attractive it would not seem, will lead to deterioration of efficiency of braking of the car and decrease in traffic safety.

Attaching the trailer to the car, always use a safety chain. The ends of a safety chain should be reliably fixed to the corresponding places on дышле the trailer and on the hook-on device of the car. Track, that the chain passed under dyshly the trailer, is will prevent falling of the forward end дышла on the road in case of a hitch rassoyedineniye. The free length of a chain should be sufficient not to disturb commission of turns of a road train with the minimum radiuses, however, it is not necessary to allow chain drawings on the ground.

Devices of external lighting and the alarm system on the trailer

As on trailers of various brands various laying of electroconducting can be used, it is necessary to charge the equipment of a turnbuckle to specialists of car-care center. In certain cases installation of a transitional nozzle (adapter) can be demanded.

Before connecting trailer electric equipment to the car power supply network, surely consult at car repair shop.

Preparation for trailer towage

Before a start of motion it is necessary to make control survey and car and trailer check.

Measure the vertical loading falling on the hook-on device, - use usual floor scales.

Check reliability of fastening дышла the trailer and a safety chain.

Check a technical condition of tires and pressure of air in tires on the car and the trailer. The lowered pressure of air in tires considerably worsens controllability of the car and a road train. At the same time check a condition and pressure of air in a spare wheel.

Having completely loaded and having attached the trailer to the car, make sure of lack of excessive "prosedaniye" of a back part of the car, - in case of need cargo in the car/trailer.

Check serviceability of functioning of devices of external lighting and the alarm system on the car and the trailer.

Specify operating restrictions of traffic regulations on the maximum speed of movement of a road train as a part of the car and the trailer. Planning to make a trip on several countries, in advance familiarize with features of local requirements and the restrictions concerning towage of the trailer with the car as in each country the restrictions can operate.

Security measures at trailer towage

It is necessary to consider that the brake way of the car towing the trailer, increases. Therefore, moving with the trailer, you should support the increased distance to ahead going car. Try to avoid sharp braking and turns. It can lead to folding of a road train or even a trailer perevorachivaniye.

Remember that the length of a road train considerably exceeds length of the single car. At turn to the right leave between edge of a carriageway and wheels of the right board of the car the bigger distance, than usually is considerable to avoid arrival by trailer wheels on a border. Consider that at road train turn the trailer moves on an arch of smaller radius, than the car, and can run or face an obstacle which the car freely passed. When overtaking other vehicle do not hurry up to come back to the row as it can lead to collision of the overtaken car with the trailer.

The road train, in comparison with the single car, is more sensitive to action of rushes of a lateral wind and aerodynamic indignations from other cars. If you are overtaken at great speed by the heavy truck or a road train, try to support rectilinear and uniform movement of the car. To reduce the aerodynamic indignations operating on a road train from ahead going car, lower speed to leave a turbulent stream.

At trailer towage load of all main units and systems of the car increases. Therefore at frequent use of the car for towage of the trailer it is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance of the car according to regulations, characteristic for intense service conditions (see. Head of Control and routine maintenance).

Additional load of the car even more increases at road train operation in the hilly district. When overcoming long liftings watch closely a temperature mode of the engine according to the strelochny index on a control panel. At approach of an arrow of the index to an overheat zone, switch off the air conditioner (if it is equipped and included) and continue movement. If the temperature of cooling liquid of the engine does not decrease, or continues to raise, stop on a roadside of the road and let's to the engine cool down.

At movement in a hilly or hilly terrain cyclic switching of the third and fourth transfers of automatic transmission can be observed. In this case it is necessary to pass to the lowered range of "D3" that will prevent an overheat and excessive wear of details of the AT frictional elements. In order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms at movement on long descents use braking by the engine. For effective braking by the engine include the lowered range or one of the lowest steps of an automatic transmission.

At a road train stop on lifting do not hold it on a place by pressing педели gas, is can lead to AT overheat. Use working brake system, or the parking brake.

At management of automatic transmission in a manual mode use the third, second and first transfers, being conformed to speed of movement of the car and road conditions. Towing the trailer, do not include the fourth transfer. Recommended high-speed ranges are given in Specifications for use of various steps of a transmission.

Zaparkovyvy a road train on long parking, especially on descent or lifting, accept all precautionary measures for reliable braking of the car and the trailer. Turn forward wheels of the car so that at a road train skatyvaniye they rested against a bordyurny stone. Completely cock the parking brake and transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to the situation "R". On equipped RKPP models include the first, or a reverse gear. In addition enclose under both wheels of the trailer protivootkatny boots.

Management of road train at movement by a backing presents certain difficulties and demands from the driver of special skills and training. Move a backing carefully and slowly, do not rotate unduly quickly a steering wheel. When maneuvering by a backing in the constrained conditions it is useful, that someone, standing outside, watched movings of the trailer and directed your actions. Keep in mind that at rotation of a steering wheel clockwise (to the right) the trailer moves to the left, and on the contrary. When maneuvering road train by a backing it is recommended to hold a rim of a steering wheel from below (instead of from above, as usual, at movement by a forward course). At such successful fellow habitual compliance between the direction of turn of a steering wheel and trailer movement remains: hand shift to the left leads to trailer turn also to the left and on the contrary.